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The Evolution of Laws and Their Impact on Society
Laws serve as the foundation of any civilized society, providing a framework for social conduct, protecting rights, and ensuring justice. Throughout history, laws have undergone constant evolution, reflecting the changing values, norms, and technological advancements of humanity.
Historical Background:
Ancient civilizations, such as Mesopotamia and Egypt, developed rudimentary legal systems to maintain social order. These laws were often based on religious beliefs and were enforced by rulers. Over time, legal systems became more sophisticated, with the emergence of codified laws, such as Hammurabi's Code and the Justinian Code, which sought to establish a universal set of rules.
In the Middle Ages, European legal systems were heavily influenced by Roman law and the teachings of the church. The concept of natural law, which holds that certain rights are inherent to humans, began to gain traction.
Modern Developments:
The Enlightenment and the Age of Reason saw a shift towards secular laws based on reason and rationality. National constitutions and legal codes were drafted, codifying fundamental rights and establishing democratic institutions.
The Industrial Revolution and technological advancements led to new challenges that required legal regulation, such as labor laws, environmental regulations, and intellectual property rights. International law also emerged to address the growing interconnectedness of nations.
Current Trends:
In recent decades, legal systems have continued to evolve in response to social changes and technological advancements:
FAQs:
1. What is the purpose of laws? Laws serve to regulate social conduct, protect rights, settle disputes, and ensure justice.
2. Who makes laws? In democracies, laws are typically made by elected representatives, such as legislators and judges.
3. How do laws change over time? Laws can evolve through legislation, court rulings, or constitutional amendments to reflect societal changes or address new issues.
4. What are the ethical considerations in lawmaking? Lawmakers must balance competing interests, ensure fairness, and consider the potential consequences of new laws.
5. How does technology impact laws? Technology has created new legal challenges, such as regulating online privacy, intellectual property, and artificial intelligence.
Tata Motors, one of India's leading automotive companies, has announced the introduction of a new safety feature for their popular SUV, the Nexon. Along with the Advanced Driver Assistance System, the company has also launched a Red Dark Edition of the Nexon and updated its technology. The Nexon has already earned top safety ratings and great commercial success, and this latest update further solidifies its position in the market as a safe, high-performance, and stylish SUV.
Piyush Pandey, the iconic figure in the Indian advertising industry, has passed away at the age of 70. With his powerful storytelling and campaigns that spoke to India in its own language, he transformed the country's advertising landscape. He was also the first Indian ad professional to receive the Padma Shri, a testament to his immense contributions to the industry. Despite stepping down from his role as Executive Chairman of Ogilvy India, his legacy will continue to inspire and shape the world of branding.
A recent RBI bulletin has revealed that the profitability of Indian companies has nearly tripled since the onset of the Covid-19 pandemic. The corporate profit-to-GDP ratio has reached a 17-year high, with large companies emerging as the primary contributors to this increase. This surge has been attributed to pandemic-induced pent-up demand, manufacturing resilience, and improved operational efficiency. However, despite this growth, corporate credit growth remains muted as firms are sitting on significant cash reserves, reducing their reliance on bank loans.
The Employees’ Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) has announced five major changes to the Employees’ Pension Scheme (EPS) that will significantly impact the retirement savings of salaried employees. These changes include a revised method of pension calculation, an increase in the maximum pension limit from Rs 7,500 to Rs 15,000 per month, and a reduced minimum age for drawing pension from 58 to 50 years. These revisions aim to simplify pension access, increase benefits, and improve portability for members across the country. This move, following a Supreme Court directive, is expected to provide major relief to pensioners and ensure a fair and realistic computation for employees.
Major stock indexes trended downwards on Wednesday as earnings reports pour in and trade tensions between the US and China resurface. The Nasdaq, Dow Jones Industrial Average, and S&P 500 all ended the day in the red, with pressure from a report that the White House is considering export restrictions on China. Meanwhile, gold prices saw a slight increase and the 10-year Treasury yield ticked lower. Among corporate news, Netflix reported weaker-than-expected quarterly profit while Intuitive Surgical saw a boost in shares after exceeding expectations. DraftKings also rose upon news of their acquisition of Railbird, while Tesla and IBM prepared for their third-quarter results. Lastly, AT&T and Alphabet had mixed revenue results, causing their stocks to decline and fluctuate.
Zoho, the popular business productivity software company, is making its entry into the consumer fintech space with the launch of Zoho Pay. This standalone app will also be integrated into the company's chat platform, Arattai, allowing users to easily send and receive money while chatting with others. Zoho plans to expand their fintech offerings to include lending, broking, insurance, and wealth-tech, and sees Zoho Pay as a key component of their overall financial services ecosystem. This move also positions Arattai as a competitor to WhatsApp in the Indian market, as it experiences a surge in downloads driven by government support and privacy concerns surrounding global tech platforms.
Multinational digital tech giant Philips, known for its innovative products, lost a 20-year legal battle before the Delhi High Court. The case involved allegations of patent infringement against an Indian company in the manufacturing and sale of Video Compact Discs (VCD). The court's decision was a blow to Philips, highlighting the importance of protecting intellectual property in the business world.
Concord Control Systems, Elecon Engineering, and Welcure Drugs & Pharmaceuticals are among the companies to trade ex-date for corporate actions such as bonus issues, interim dividends, and stock splits. The ex-date is an important marker for investors, as those purchasing shares on or after this date will not be eligible for the announced benefits. Shareholders of these companies can expect to receive a bonus issue, interim dividend, and stock split in their portfolios, aiming to enhance shareholder value, reward investments, and improve stock liquidity.
Rediffusion's latest campaign for Rasna, titled "India ke Khushiyon ka Vitamin" aims to redefine the mother-child relationship in the modern world. By highlighting the brand's fruit-based drinks as a healthy and refreshing drink for kids, the campaign acknowledges the role of mothers as active partners in their child's growth and development. With a focus on Vitamin Josh and Vitamin Hasi, this new campaign highlights how Rasna is the perfect choice for today's multitasking mothers.
The Indian stock markets took a break on Wednesday in observance of Bali Pratipada, a day that holds cultural significance. The Asian markets, on the other hand, showed a mixed performance with Japan's Nikkei 225 declining, Singapore's Straits Times gaining, and Hong Kong's Hang Seng and Taiwan's Weighted Index decreasing. The previous day's Muhurat Trading session saw slight gains in Indian markets and top gainers included Cipla and Bajaj Finserv.